University of Central Florida (UCF) ZOO3744 Neurobiology Practice Exam 2

Glutamate and GABA represent the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, respectively. Glutamate is well-known for its role in promoting neural activity and facilitating synaptic plasticity, which is crucial for learning and memory processes. It acts on various receptors such as NMDA and AMPA receptors, leading to depolarization of neurons and an increased likelihood of action potential generation.

Conversely, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) functions primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It helps to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. By binding to GABA receptors, it promotes hyperpolarization of neurons, making it less likely for action potentials to occur. This balance between the excitatory effects of glutamate and the inhibitory effects of GABA is essential for maintaining proper neural function and preventing conditions such as seizures.

The correct identification of these two neurotransmitters and their functions is crucial for understanding how synaptic transmission occurs and how various neuronal circuits operate in both healthy and pathological states.